Sumosum.com Reviews

Based on looking at the website, Sumosum.com appears to be a financial forecasting and concept development software designed to help entrepreneurs and businesses visualize and validate their ideas without requiring extensive spreadsheet expertise.

It aims to simplify the creation of financial projections, turning complex numerical data into easily digestible charts and reports, thereby empowering teams to sculpt success.

This platform positions itself as a practical tool for founders, startups, and anyone looking to bring a business concept to life, offering a streamlined approach to financial planning.

It highlights features like simple number entry, real-time chart generation, and downloadable, presentation-ready reports, suggesting it caters to both preliminary concept validation and more formal pitching scenarios.

The core value proposition seems to be demystifying financial forecasting, making it accessible and efficient for users to assess the viability of their ventures.

Find detailed reviews on Trustpilot, Reddit, and BBB.org, for software products you can also check Producthunt.

IMPORTANT: We have not personally tested this company’s services. This review is based solely on information provided by the company on their website. For independent, verified user experiences, please refer to trusted sources such as Trustpilot, Reddit, and BBB.org.

Demystifying Financial Forecasting: What Sumosum.com Offers

Sumosum.com positions itself as a straightforward solution for a common entrepreneurial hurdle: financial forecasting. Many aspiring business owners and even seasoned professionals find themselves bogged down by complex spreadsheets and the intricacies of financial modeling. This platform aims to cut through that complexity, providing a more intuitive and visual approach. It’s designed for those who want to quickly see their business concept’s financial viability without needing to be a “spreadsheet jockey” or a “programming expert.” The promise is to transform raw numbers into actionable insights and presentable data, essentially democratizing financial planning.

Core Features for Concept Development

The website highlights several key features that form the backbone of its offering.

These are designed to streamline the financial forecasting process from initial data entry to final report generation.

• Simple Number Entry: This is perhaps the most emphasized feature, aiming to remove the intimidation factor associated with traditional financial modeling. Users are guided to “just add numbers,” implying a user-friendly interface that doesn’t demand advanced accounting knowledge. This simplicity is crucial for early-stage entrepreneurs who might be overwhelmed by financial jargon.
• Real-time Charts & Reports: The ability to see immediate visual representations of financial data is a significant draw. Rather than waiting for manual calculations, users can instantly observe how changes in their input affect their financial projections. This real-time feedback loop is invaluable for iterative concept development and allows teams to “visually shape a project or concept.”
• Downloadable Presentation-Ready Reports: For users who upgrade their membership, the platform offers the capability to download professional-looking charts and reports. This feature is particularly useful for pitching ideas to investors, partners, or internal stakeholders, providing a polished output without the need for additional design software.

The Problem Sumosum.com Aims to Solve

The fundamental problem Sumosum.com seeks to address is the barrier to entry for financial forecasting. Many innovative business ideas never get off the ground because their founders struggle with the financial modeling required to prove viability or secure funding. Traditional methods often involve:

• Steep Learning Curves: Mastering spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets for complex financial models requires significant time and expertise.
• Time Consumption: Building detailed financial forecasts from scratch can be incredibly time-consuming, diverting precious resources from other critical business development activities.
• Lack of Visualization: Raw spreadsheet data, while comprehensive, often lacks the immediate visual impact needed to convey complex financial stories effectively to non-financial stakeholders. Sumosum.com aims to bridge this gap by providing an intuitive, rapid, and visually engaging solution.

User Experience and Accessibility: Ditching the Spreadsheets

Sumosum.com’s primary selling point revolves around its promise to “Ditch Spreadsheets.” This isn’t just a marketing slogan.

It speaks directly to the frustration many entrepreneurs feel when faced with the daunting task of financial modeling.

The website emphasizes that users don’t need to be “spreadsheet jockeys” or “programming experts” to leverage its capabilities.

This focus on accessibility is a critical factor for its target audience.

Intuitive Interface Design

Based on the homepage description, the user interface seems designed for simplicity and clarity. The three-step process – “1 Enter Numbers,” “2 See Charts,” “3 Get Reports” – suggests a guided and intuitive flow. This simplified workflow aims to reduce cognitive load and allow users to focus on their business concept rather than the mechanics of the software. An intuitive design means less time spent learning the tool and more time dedicated to analyzing and refining financial projections. For instance, a small business owner without a finance background could quickly grasp the input requirements. This contrasts sharply with the often steep learning curve associated with building complex financial models in traditional spreadsheet software, where even experienced users can spend hours debugging formulas or formatting data.

Who Benefits from This Approach?

The “ditch spreadsheets” mantra particularly appeals to a broad range of users: Getitsms.com Reviews

• First-time Entrepreneurs: Those new to business planning often lack financial expertise and can be intimidated by traditional forecasting methods. Sumosum.com offers a gentle entry point.
• Non-Financial Founders: Founders whose expertise lies in product development, marketing, or operations, rather than finance, can quickly generate necessary financial documents without hiring a consultant.
• Small Business Owners: For established small businesses looking to pivot, expand, or simply get a clearer financial picture without investing heavily in specialized financial software or personnel.
• Educators and Students: As a teaching tool, it could offer a practical way to understand financial concepts without getting bogged down in complex calculations.

The emphasis on accessibility translates into a lower barrier to entry for financial planning, potentially empowering a wider range of individuals to engage with the financial aspects of their business ideas.

It’s about making finance less intimidating and more approachable.

Testimonials and Social Proof: What Users Are Saying

The Sumosum.com homepage features several “Sound Bites” – testimonials from users who have purportedly benefited from the platform.

These snippets of social proof are crucial for building trust and illustrating the software’s real-world impact.

While these are short, they offer a glimpse into the perceived value by different user types.

Entrepreneur Perspectives

Selia M., an entrepreneur, states, “I never thought I’d be able to create financials so easily. It’s fun to see your idea come to life.” This testimonial speaks directly to the platform’s core promise of simplicity and accessibility. For many entrepreneurs, the financial aspect of starting a business is often daunting and perceived as a dry, complex task. Selia’s comment suggests that Sumosum.com not only simplifies this but also makes it an enjoyable, perhaps even inspiring, process. The phrase “fun to see your idea come to life” indicates that the visual and real-time feedback features are highly effective in translating abstract concepts into tangible financial realities. This is a significant psychological benefit for founders who are often driven by passion and creativity.

Startup Founder Insights

Evan L., a startup founder, provides a more practical assessment: “It’s the fastest way to create a business concept and you’ll truly be ready to pitch.” This testimonial highlights two critical aspects: speed and pitch-readiness. For startups, time is often of the essence, and the ability to rapidly generate a comprehensive business concept, including financial projections, is a competitive advantage. The mention of being “ready to pitch” underscores the platform’s utility for securing funding or presenting to stakeholders. It implies that the reports generated are professional enough for external audiences, saving founders valuable time and resources that would otherwise be spent preparing pitch decks manually.

Hackathon Participant Experience

Karly T., a hackathon participant, adds another dimension: “Our team used SumoSum in a competition and we’re already prepared to go to market.” This testimonial emphasizes the platform’s utility in high-pressure, time-constrained environments like hackathons. The ability to quickly develop a concept and its financial underpinnings enabled Karly’s team to not only succeed in a competition but also feel “prepared to go to market.” This suggests that the output of Sumosum.com is robust enough for initial market entry planning, not just theoretical exercises. It speaks to the practical, actionable nature of the software’s output, indicating it’s more than just a visualization tool. it’s a launchpad for tangible business steps.

Collectively, these testimonials paint a picture of a user-friendly, efficient, and effective tool for financial forecasting, particularly for those who need to quickly validate concepts and prepare for external presentations.

They suggest that the platform delivers on its promise of making complex financial tasks accessible and manageable for a diverse user base. Supermachine.com Reviews

Membership Tiers and Value Proposition: Unlocking Features

Sumosum.com clearly outlines that certain advanced features, specifically the ability to “download presentation-ready Charts and Reports,” are tied to an “upgrade membership.” This implies a tiered pricing structure, a common model for SaaS Software as a Service platforms.

Understanding this model is key to assessing the full value proposition.

Free vs. Paid Functionality

The website explicitly states, “Sign Up, FREE!” and “No credit card required.” This indicates a freemium model. The free tier likely allows users to:

• Enter Numbers: Input their financial data.
• See Charts: View real-time visual representations of their concept.

This free access serves as an excellent way for potential users to experience the core functionality and understand the platform’s value proposition without any financial commitment.

It acts as a powerful lead magnet, allowing individuals to validate a basic concept and see the immediate benefits of visualization.

For example, a student brainstorming a business idea could quickly mock up projections and see them transform into charts.

The paid tier, on the other hand, unlocks crucial features for more serious users:

• Download Presentation-Ready Charts and Reports: This is the critical differentiator. While seeing charts in real-time is valuable for personal understanding, having downloadable, professional reports is essential for external communication. This includes pitching to investors, presenting to partners, securing loans, or sharing with internal teams. The reports would likely be formatted for clarity and impact, saving users significant time on design and formatting.

The Value Proposition of Upgrading

The decision to upgrade from a free account to a paid membership hinges on the user’s specific needs and the stage of their business concept.

• For Validation and Exploration Free Tier: If a user is simply exploring an idea, validating a hypothesis, or conducting preliminary personal research, the free tier offers immense value. It allows for quick concept iteration and visual feedback without any cost.
• For Formal Presentation and Action Paid Tier: The upgrade becomes necessary when a user needs to:
  • Secure Funding: Investors require polished, clear financial projections.
  • Present to Stakeholders: Partners, advisors, or executive teams need easily digestible reports.
  • Strategic Planning: Formal reports aid in internal strategic discussions and goal setting.
  • Save Time and Professionalism: Outsourcing report creation or manually formatting data is time-consuming and expensive. The paid tier offers a pre-formatted, professional solution.

The value proposition of the paid tier is therefore centered on professionalism, efficiency, and the ability to take actionable steps based on the generated financial data. It transforms a personal exploration tool into a powerful business asset, streamlining the process of moving from concept to execution. This tiered approach allows Sumosum.com to cater to a wide spectrum of users, from curious dreamers to serious entrepreneurs.

Blog and Educational Resources: Insights and Spotlights

Beyond its core software functionality, Sumosum.com maintains a blog that offers “Insights, Spotlights & News.” This addition is a strategic move, positioning the platform not just as a tool provider but also as a knowledge hub for entrepreneurs and small business owners. Such content typically serves multiple purposes: educating users, enhancing SEO, and building authority within the niche. Setschedule.com Reviews

Content Focus: Practical Financial Guidance

The snippets of blog posts visible on the homepage suggest a strong focus on practical, actionable financial advice relevant to startups and small businesses. The titles mentioned are:

• “How to Set Up a Business Budget & Avoid Common Startup Mistakes”: This topic is foundational for any new business. It addresses a critical need for financial clarity and provides guidance on preventing common pitfalls that can derail early-stage ventures. This kind of content directly supports the “sculpt success” motto of the platform, as effective budgeting is key to sustainable growth.
• “Accounts Payable: Importance, Impact, Best Practices”: This delves into a specific, yet crucial, aspect of financial management. Understanding accounts payable is vital for cash flow management and maintaining healthy supplier relationships. By explaining its “importance, impact, and best practices,” the blog offers detailed operational financial guidance.
• “Financial Benchmarking and the Key to Business Growth”: This topic moves beyond basic operations to strategic financial analysis. Financial benchmarking allows businesses to compare their performance against industry standards, identify areas for improvement, and set realistic growth targets. This demonstrates the platform’s understanding of higher-level business strategy.

Value to Users and SEO Benefits

The blog serves several key functions:

• Educating the User Base: For many entrepreneurs, financial literacy is a work in progress. The blog provides accessible explanations of complex financial concepts, helping users better understand the inputs they need for the Sumosum.com software and the outputs they receive. This empowers users to make more informed decisions.
• Building Authority and Trust: By consistently publishing high-quality, relevant content, Sumosum.com establishes itself as an expert in financial forecasting and small business finance. This builds trust with potential users, positioning the platform as a reliable resource.
• SEO Enhancement: A robust blog with well-researched articles on relevant keywords e.g., “business budget,” “accounts payable,” “financial benchmarking” significantly improves a website’s search engine ranking. When users search for these terms, Sumosum.com’s blog can appear in results, driving organic traffic to the site and potentially converting readers into software users.
• Thought Leadership: Regular contributions to the blog demonstrate that the team behind Sumosum.com is actively engaged with the challenges and opportunities facing its target audience, fostering a sense of community and shared purpose.

In essence, the blog transforms Sumosum.com from just a software vendor into a valuable partner in the entrepreneurial journey, providing the knowledge alongside the tools needed for success.

Security and Privacy Considerations: Cookies and Data Handling

The very first elements encountered on the Sumosum.com homepage are related to its use of cookies and a reference to its Privacy Policy.

Cookie Usage and Consent

The notice states: “We use cookies to offer a superior online experience. By closing or dismissing the notice or by continuing to use this website, you agree to our use of cookies in accordance with our Privacy Policy. Accept X”

This is a standard cookie consent banner, indicating that Sumosum.com uses cookies, which are small pieces of data stored on a user’s device by their web browser. These are typically used for:

• Functionality: Remembering user preferences, login states, or items in a shopping cart.
• Performance: Collecting anonymous data on how users interact with the site to improve its speed and responsiveness.
• Analytics: Tracking user behavior e.g., pages visited, time spent to understand website usage and inform design or content improvements.
• Advertising: Targeting ads to users based on their browsing history though this isn’t explicitly stated, it’s a common use.

The “Accept X” and implied consent through continued browsing are common methods for obtaining user agreement, aligning with various privacy regulations like GDPR General Data Protection Regulation and CCPA California Consumer Privacy Act.

Importance of the Privacy Policy

The explicit reference to the “Privacy Policy” is paramount. While the cookie banner provides a brief overview, the Privacy Policy is the legally binding document that details:

• What data is collected: Personal identifiable information PII like name, email, payment details if upgrading, and potentially non-PII like IP addresses, browser type, etc.
• How the data is used: Whether it’s for service provision, internal analytics, marketing, or shared with third parties.
• Data storage and security: How user data is protected against unauthorized access or breaches.
• User rights: How users can access, modify, or delete their data, and their choices regarding data usage e.g., opting out of marketing communications.
• Third-party disclosures: Which, if any, third parties have access to user data e.g., analytics providers, payment processors.

For a platform dealing with sensitive financial projections, the security and privacy of user data are non-negotiable. Users input financial numbers, which, even if conceptual, could be sensitive business information. A robust and transparent Privacy Policy is crucial for building user trust and ensuring compliance. It’s essential for users to review this policy thoroughly to understand how their valuable business data will be handled and protected. Given the financial nature of the service, any lapse in data security could have significant implications for users, making this aspect a critical component of a thorough review.

Scalability and Future Outlook: Growth Potential

When evaluating a SaaS platform like Sumosum.com, considering its scalability and future outlook is crucial, particularly for entrepreneurs who might integrate it into their long-term planning. Betafi.com Reviews

While the homepage doesn’t explicitly detail future roadmaps, we can infer potential for growth and expansion based on its current offering and the market it serves.

Addressing a Broad Market Need

The core problem Sumosum.com solves – simplifying financial forecasting – is a universal need among entrepreneurs, startups, and small businesses globally.

The demand for user-friendly tools that democratize complex processes is consistently growing.

As more individuals venture into entrepreneurship, either full-time or as side hustles, the market for tools like Sumosum.com expands significantly.

This broad market appeal suggests inherent scalability.

Potential for Feature Expansion

The current features focus on concept development and financial forecasting.

However, the platform could logically expand into several related areas to enhance its value proposition and cater to a wider array of business needs:

• Integration with Accounting Software: Seamless integration with popular accounting platforms e.g., QuickBooks, Xero could allow for real-time actual vs. projected comparisons, making financial management even more dynamic.
• Advanced Scenario Planning: While likely possible to some extent now, dedicated features for “what-if” scenarios e.g., impact of different pricing models, sales growth rates could be enhanced.
• Template Library: Offering industry-specific financial templates could further accelerate the forecasting process for users in particular sectors.
• Funding Matching: Leveraging the generated financial reports to connect users with potential investors or lenders, perhaps through a marketplace or direct integration, could be a powerful future direction.
• Collaborative Features: While it mentions empowering teams, more explicit collaboration tools e.g., commenting, version control could be beneficial for larger teams or advisors.
• Educational Modules: Expanding the blog into full-fledged, in-app educational modules or courses on financial literacy for entrepreneurs.

Strategic Positioning for Growth

By focusing on a niche that is often a bottleneck for new businesses financial projections, Sumosum.com has carved out a distinct market position.

Its emphasis on ease of use makes it accessible to a large, underserved segment of the entrepreneurial community.

If the platform can consistently deliver on its promise of simplifying complex financial tasks, and continue to evolve its feature set based on user feedback and market trends, it has the potential to grow significantly. Pocket-astrologer.com Reviews

The freemium model also positions it well for scaling, as the free tier can attract a large user base, some percentage of whom will convert to paid subscriptions as their needs become more sophisticated.

The scalability here lies in the ability to serve a vast number of users with a streamlined, digital product, rather than relying on high-touch, custom service.

Comparison to Alternatives: Spreadsheet Software vs. Specialized Tools

When evaluating Sumosum.com, it’s essential to benchmark it against its primary alternatives: traditional spreadsheet software and other specialized financial modeling tools.

Each option presents distinct advantages and disadvantages, catering to different user needs and technical proficiencies.

Traditional Spreadsheet Software Excel, Google Sheets, LibreOffice Calc

Pros:

• Flexibility and Customization: Spreadsheets offer unparalleled flexibility. Users can build virtually any financial model from scratch, tailoring it precisely to their unique business logic, industry specifics, and complex scenarios. This makes them ideal for highly nuanced or experimental financial analysis.
• Cost-Effective Often Free/Included: Many users already have access to spreadsheet software e.g., Microsoft Excel via Office 365 subscriptions, Google Sheets for free with a Google account. This removes an additional software cost.
• Ubiquity and Familiarity: Spreadsheets are widely used and understood. Many professionals are already proficient, reducing the learning curve for the software itself, even if the financial modeling part remains challenging.
• Powerful Data Analysis Capabilities: Beyond just financial modeling, spreadsheets excel at data manipulation, statistical analysis, and complex data visualization when paired with advanced charting techniques.

Cons:

• Steep Learning Curve for Financial Modeling: While the software itself might be familiar, building robust, error-free financial models requires significant expertise in formulas, functions, and financial principles. This can be intimidating and time-consuming.
• Time-Consuming Setup: Creating a comprehensive model from scratch can take days or even weeks, diverting valuable time from core business activities.
• Prone to Errors: Manual formula entry and linking increase the risk of errors, which can have significant consequences for financial projections. Debugging complex spreadsheets can be a nightmare.
• Lack of Visual Appeal Without Expertise: Generating professional, visually appealing charts and reports requires design skills and careful formatting, which isn’t always intuitive or quick.
• Collaboration Challenges: While cloud-based spreadsheets Google Sheets have improved, collaborative work on complex financial models can still be tricky regarding version control and accidental modifications.

Specialized Financial Modeling Tools Like Sumosum.com

• Ease of Use and Speed: These tools are designed for rapid concept validation and projection generation. They often feature intuitive interfaces, pre-built templates, and simplified data entry, allowing users to get results much faster.

• Reduced Error Risk: By automating complex calculations and employing standardized templates, specialized tools significantly reduce the potential for manual errors in formulas.

• Visual Output by Design: They are typically built to generate professional-looking charts and reports automatically, saving users the time and effort of manual formatting and design.

• Focus on Business Logic: Users can concentrate on their business assumptions and scenarios rather than getting bogged down in spreadsheet mechanics. Rmp.com Reviews

• Guided Workflow: Many offer structured workflows that guide users through the necessary financial inputs, ensuring all critical aspects are considered.

• Less Flexibility/Customization: While easier to use, specialized tools might offer less customization than raw spreadsheets. Users are typically constrained by the platform’s predefined templates and functionalities. This could be a limitation for highly unique business models or complex financial instruments.

• Subscription Costs: Unlike free spreadsheet software, most specialized tools operate on a subscription model, adding an ongoing cost to business operations.

• Vendor Lock-in: Users become dependent on the specific platform and its features. Switching tools later might require re-entering data or adapting to a new system.

• Potential for Feature Overlap: Some advanced features might still require external tools or deeper dives into financial principles, meaning it’s not always a complete substitute for a human financial analyst.

The Sumosum.com Differentiator

Sumosum.com specifically targets the pain point of “ditching spreadsheets” and offers a simplified, visual approach.

Its core value lies in accelerating the initial financial modeling phase and making it accessible to non-experts.

While it may not offer the granular control of a custom-built spreadsheet, it aims to provide 80% of the required functionality with 20% of the effort, making it ideal for concept validation, pitching, and initial strategic planning.

For a startup founder needing to quickly demonstrate viability, this efficiency is often far more valuable than limitless customization.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Sumosum.com?

Based on looking at the website, Sumosum.com is a financial forecasting and concept development software designed to help entrepreneurs and businesses create and visualize financial projections quickly and easily, without requiring advanced spreadsheet expertise. Ahsuite.com Reviews

Is Sumosum.com free to use?

Yes, Sumosum.com offers a free sign-up option that allows users to enter numbers and see real-time charts.

However, to download presentation-ready charts and reports, users need to upgrade their membership.

What kind of financial projections can I create with Sumosum.com?

Sumosum.com allows users to create financial forecasts and projections for their business concepts.

While specific types of projections aren’t detailed, it’s implied to cover core financial aspects needed for concept validation and pitching.

Do I need to be a finance expert to use Sumosum.com?

No, the website explicitly states that you don’t need to be a “spreadsheet expert” or “programming expert.” It’s designed for ease of use, allowing users to “just add numbers” and see their concept come to life.

Can I download reports from Sumosum.com?

Yes, you can download presentation-ready charts and reports, but this feature requires an upgraded membership.

What is the main benefit of using Sumosum.com over spreadsheets?

The main benefit is its emphasis on simplicity and speed, allowing users to quickly visualize financial data without the steep learning curve, time commitment, or potential for manual errors associated with traditional spreadsheet-based financial modeling.

How quickly can I create a financial forecast using Sumosum.com?

The website suggests a rapid process, with testimonials indicating it’s the “fastest way to create a business concept,” implying forecasts can be generated in minutes.

Is Sumosum.com suitable for startups?

Yes, testimonials on the website from startup founders and hackathon participants suggest it’s highly suitable for startups needing to quickly validate concepts and prepare for pitches.

Does Sumosum.com offer any educational resources?

Yes, Sumosum.com has a blog section that provides “Insights, Spotlights & News” on topics such as setting up business budgets, accounts payable, and financial benchmarking. Portseido.com Reviews

How does Sumosum.com handle my data?

Sumosum.com uses cookies for a superior online experience and operates in accordance with its Privacy Policy.

For detailed information on data collection, usage, storage, and user rights, you would need to review their full Privacy Policy.

Can Sumosum.com help me with pitching my business idea?

Yes, the platform aims to help you be “truly ready to pitch” by allowing you to generate presentation-ready charts and reports, which are crucial for communicating your financial viability to potential investors or partners.

Are there any testimonials from actual users of Sumosum.com?

Yes, the homepage features “Sound Bites” from an entrepreneur, a startup founder, and a hackathon participant, sharing their positive experiences with the platform.

What kind of “charts and reports” does Sumosum.com generate?

Based on the description, Sumosum.com generates real-time charts and reports that visually represent your financial concept, allowing you to visually shape your project.

Specific chart types e.g., bar graphs, pie charts are not detailed but are implied to be professional.

Is a credit card required to sign up for Sumosum.com?

No, the website explicitly states “No credit card required” for signing up for the free tier.

What industries is Sumosum.com suitable for?

While not explicitly stated, its general financial forecasting capabilities make it broadly applicable to various industries for concept validation and initial financial planning.

Can I use Sumosum.com for an existing business, or only for new concepts?

While emphasized for new concepts, the tools for financial forecasting and budgeting could also be beneficial for existing small businesses looking to analyze performance or plan future growth.

Does Sumosum.com integrate with other financial software?

Based on the homepage text, there is no explicit mention of integrations with other accounting or financial software. Lampo.com Reviews

Its primary focus appears to be self-contained forecasting.

What kind of support does Sumosum.com offer?

The homepage doesn’t detail specific customer support channels e.g., email, chat, phone. Users would typically find this information in a “Contact Us” or “Support” section.

How does Sumosum.com ensure the accuracy of its financial projections?

The accuracy of projections largely depends on the accuracy of the numbers and assumptions entered by the user.

The platform automates calculations based on user input, aiming to reduce human error in formulas.

Is Sumosum.com a cloud-based software?

Given that it’s a website and offers immediate access “Sign Up, FREE!”, it is highly likely that Sumosum.com is a cloud-based SaaS platform, accessible via a web browser.