Giroscope.org.uk Review

Based on looking at the website, Giroscope.org.uk appears to be a legitimate and highly commendable charitable organization focused on providing affordable housing and community development in West Hull.

Their model of renovating empty properties, involving prospective tenants in the process, and offering energy-efficient homes with no deposits or upfront fees is a refreshing and ethical approach to housing.

Here’s an overall review summary:

• Legitimacy: Highly legitimate, registered charity 1117457.
• Ethical Standing Islamic Perspective: Excellent. Their operations align well with Islamic principles of social justice, helping the needy, community building, and avoiding interest-based transactions no deposits, rent in advance, or non-returnable fees, implying a transparent and equitable rental model.
• Transparency: Good, with clear information about their mission, projects, and contact details. They publish annual numbers 120+ Properties, 350+ Tenants, 50+ Volunteers.
• Website Content Quality: Informative and easy to navigate.
• User Engagement: Encourages volunteering and tenant involvement in renovations, fostering a sense of ownership.
• Areas for Improvement Minor: While comprehensive in its mission, some sections could benefit from more detailed financial transparency beyond general numbers, perhaps links to audited reports for public viewing. More recent news updates might also be beneficial for continuous engagement.

Giroscope’s commitment to turning empty houses into stable, affordable homes is a truly impactful initiative.

They tackle a critical social issue while empowering individuals and building stronger communities.

0.0 0.0 out of 5 stars (based on 0 reviews) Excellent0% Very good0% Average0% Poor0% Terrible0% There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write one. Your review Your overall rating Select a Rating5 Stars4 Stars3 Stars2 Stars1 Star Title of your review Your review Your name Your email This review is based on my own experience and is my genuine opinion. ​ Submit Review

Amazon.com: Check Amazon for Giroscope.org.uk Review Latest Discussions & Reviews:

Their stated policy of not charging deposits, rent in advance, or non-returnable fees is particularly noteworthy, making housing accessible to those who might otherwise be excluded due to financial barriers.

This aligns with a compassionate and just economic model, ensuring that housing is a right, not just a privilege.

The emphasis on tenant involvement also fosters dignity and empowerment, moving beyond a simple landlord-tenant relationship to a partnership in community building.

Find detailed reviews on Trustpilot, Reddit, and BBB.org, for software products you can also check Producthunt.

IMPORTANT: We have not personally tested this company’s services. This review is based solely on information provided by the company on their website. For independent, verified user experiences, please refer to trusted sources such as Trustpilot, Reddit, and BBB.org.

Best Alternatives for Ethical Community Development & Housing Support

While Giroscope itself is a direct service provider rather than a typical product, for those looking to support or engage with similar ethical community development and housing initiatives, here are some excellent alternatives or complementary resources:

• Habitat for Humanity International

  • Key Features: Global nonprofit housing organization, builds and improves homes in partnership with families in need, offers affordable homeownership opportunities, relies heavily on volunteer labor.
  • Price: Donation-based for supporters. affordable, no-profit mortgages for homeowners.
  • Pros: Widespread impact, strong volunteer opportunities, focuses on empowerment through homeownership, very reputable.
  • Cons: Homeownership path might not suit all housing needs e.g., direct rental.

• Local Community Land Trusts CLTs – Search ‘Community Land Trusts near me’

  • Key Features: Nonprofit organizations that hold land in trust for the benefit of a community, ensuring long-term affordability of housing and other assets, removes land speculation from housing costs.
  • Price: Varies by program. often offers deeply affordable homeownership or rental.
  • Pros: Directly addresses housing affordability, community-controlled, protects affordability permanently, diverse models.
  • Cons: Availability and scale vary significantly by location.

• Partnership for Strong Communities via local United Way chapters

  • Key Features: United Way focuses on improving lives by mobilizing the caring power of communities. Many local chapters have initiatives for affordable housing, homelessness prevention, and community revitalization.
  • Price: Donation-based for supporters. services often free or subsidized for beneficiaries.
  • Pros: Broad impact areas, well-established, local focus, addresses root causes of poverty.
  • Cons: Specific housing programs vary greatly by local chapter.

• Samaritan’s Purse North American Ministries – US Disaster Relief

  • Key Features: Christian humanitarian aid organization that often provides disaster relief and reconstruction, including repairing or rebuilding homes for those affected by natural disasters, relying on volunteers.
  • Price: Donation-based for supporters. free services for beneficiaries.
  • Pros: Immediate impact in crisis, focuses on rebuilding lives and homes, strong volunteer network.
  • Cons: Primary focus is disaster response rather than ongoing affordable housing development.

• Enterprise Community Partners

  • Key Features: Nonprofit organization that works to create opportunity for low- and moderate-income people through affordable housing and community development. Provides capital, develops programs, and advocates for policy.
  • Price: Not applicable systemic impact, not direct product.
  • Pros: Addresses systemic housing issues, comprehensive approach, influences policy, broad reach.
  • Cons: Less direct “on-the-ground” volunteer opportunities for individuals compared to Habitat.

• National Alliance to End Homelessness

  • Key Features: Leading voice on the issue of homelessness, works to prevent and end homelessness in the U.S. by providing data, research, and policy recommendations, and working with local communities.
  • Price: Not applicable policy and advocacy.
  • Pros: Crucial for systemic change, provides valuable data and resources, high-level impact.
  • Cons: Not a direct service provider for individuals seeking housing.

• Community Development Financial Institutions CDFIs – Search ‘CDFI near me’

  • Key Features: Financial institutions dedicated to delivering responsible, affordable lending to help low-income, low-wealth, and other disadvantaged people and communities join the economic mainstream. Many fund affordable housing projects.
  • Price: Loan terms vary. aims for affordable and responsible rates.
  • Pros: Provides crucial financial backing for community projects, supports underserved areas, promotes economic justice.
  • Cons: Not a direct housing provider for individuals, more focused on organizational funding.

Giroscope.org.uk Review & First Look

When you land on Giroscope.org.uk, the immediate impression is one of clarity and purpose.

The website wastes no time in stating its core mission: “turning empty houses into homes.” This directness is a hallmark of an organization with a clear vision and a strong focus on action.

The site’s clean layout and straightforward navigation make it easy to understand what Giroscope does and how it achieves its goals.

It’s a breath of fresh air in an online world often cluttered with jargon and over-the-top marketing.

Mission and Vision Alignment

Giroscope’s mission, as presented, is deeply aligned with addressing a critical social need: affordable housing. Internetworldstats.com Review

By targeting empty properties, they not only provide homes but also revitalize neighborhoods.

• Social Impact: The explicit mention of providing homes “for those in housing need” demonstrates a strong commitment to social welfare.
• Community Focus: Their emphasis on “stability to our community” through secure tenure highlights a broader vision beyond just individual housing units. This holistic approach is crucial for sustainable community development.

Initial User Experience

The website is user-friendly, with key information readily accessible from the homepage.

• Navigation: The top navigation bar is intuitive, leading visitors to sections like “housing,” “projects,” “volunteering,” and “news.”
• Visuals: While not laden with high-definition photography, the site includes “Before and After” photographs, effectively illustrating the tangible impact of their work. This visual storytelling is powerful for conveying their dedication.
• Contact Information: A clear phone number on the homepage makes it easy for interested parties to get in touch.

Giroscope.org.uk Features

Giroscope.org.uk highlights several key features that underpin its operations, showcasing a multi-faceted approach to community development beyond just housing.

These features collectively paint a picture of an organization deeply embedded in the welfare of West Hull.

Affordable Housing Provision

At its core, Giroscope’s primary feature is the provision of affordable, high-quality, and energy-efficient homes. Sammservicesusa.com Review

This isn’t just about putting a roof over someone’s head.

It’s about providing a sustainable and dignified living space.

• Renovation Focus: They buy and renovate empty properties, which is a smart strategy to address both housing shortages and urban blight. According to government data from 2023, there were over 250,000 long-term empty homes in England, representing a significant untapped resource for housing solutions.
• High Standards: Properties are described as “finished to a high standard” and “energy efficient,” indicating a commitment to quality and long-term sustainability, which also helps tenants with reduced utility costs.
• Accessible Terms: The crucial detail “We do not charge deposits, rent in advance or non-returnable fees” is a must for many low-income individuals and families. This policy significantly lowers the barrier to entry for housing. A 2022 Shelter report found that upfront housing costs are a major hurdle for 1 in 4 renters in the UK.

Volunteer Engagement and Empowerment

A significant aspect of Giroscope’s model is the involvement of volunteers, particularly prospective tenants, in the renovation process. This approach is not just about labor.

It’s about empowerment and fostering a sense of ownership.

• Tenant Involvement: Encouraging “prospective tenants to be involved in the renovation of their homes” is a powerful way to build community and self-reliance. This unique model gives individuals a direct stake in their future homes.
• Volunteer Accommodation: The fact that they “house many of our volunteers” demonstrates a deep commitment to those who contribute, providing tangible support.
• Skill Development: This involvement likely offers valuable practical skills and work experience, which can be beneficial for volunteers’ future employment prospects.

Broader Community Projects

Beyond direct housing, Giroscope engages in a variety of projects that contribute to the overall well-being of the community. Projectilecreative.com Review

These initiatives expand their impact significantly.

• Gardening: “From landscaping the gardens of the properties we renovate, providing… Read More” suggests efforts to improve green spaces and potentially promote food security or recreational areas.
• Computers: “Giroscope believes that freedom of access to IT, which most… Read More” points to initiatives aimed at bridging the digital divide, providing essential access to technology for education, employment, and social connection. Access to computers and internet is vital, with a 2021 Ofcom report indicating that around 6% of UK households still lack internet access.
• Bicycles: “The Bike Project returns unwanted or unused bikes back to… Read More” highlights an eco-friendly and practical initiative that can improve transportation access and promote healthy lifestyles.
• Social Enterprise: “In the late 1990’s Giroscope bought and renovated an old… Read More” implies a history of sustainable economic activities that support their charitable mission, potentially creating local jobs or services.
• St. Matthew’s: The acquisition of “the former St. Matthew’s church” suggests a commitment to preserving local heritage and transforming community assets into beneficial spaces, possibly for community halls, training centers, or other public uses.

Giroscope.org.uk Pros & Cons

When evaluating an organization like Giroscope, it’s essential to look at both its strengths and any areas that might benefit from further development or clarity.

From the website’s presentation, a clear picture emerges of a highly effective and ethically sound charity.

Giroscope.org.uk Pros

Giroscope boasts a multitude of strengths, particularly from an ethical and community-focused standpoint.

• Strong Ethical Foundation: The core mission to provide affordable housing without deposits or advance rent aligns perfectly with principles of social justice and equity. This model removes significant financial barriers for those in need, which is a major positive. This ethical stance resonates deeply with Islamic finance principles that discourage exploitative practices and encourage aid to the needy.
• Registered Charity Status: Being a “Registered Charity 1117457” immediately instills trust and credibility. It means they are regulated by the Charity Commission for England and Wales, ensuring a degree of oversight and accountability. As of October 2023, the Charity Commission oversees over 160,000 registered charities.
• Tangible Community Impact: Their work on renovating empty properties directly addresses urban blight and provides tangible homes. The stated numbers – “120+ Properties,” “350+ Tenants,” “50+ Volunteers” – demonstrate a significant, measurable impact. This directly contributes to community regeneration and stability.
• Tenant Empowerment & Involvement: Encouraging prospective tenants to participate in the renovation process is a unique and highly beneficial approach. It fosters a sense of ownership, pride, and contributes to skill-building among beneficiaries. This collaborative model is a strong positive for self-sufficiency.
• Diversified Community Projects: Beyond housing, their engagement in gardening, computer access, bicycle projects, and social enterprise demonstrates a holistic understanding of community needs. These initiatives enhance the quality of life and provide broader support.
• Transparency on Mission: The website clearly articulates what they do, how they do it, and for whom. This clarity builds confidence in their operations and purpose.
• No Hidden Fees: The explicit statement “We do not charge deposits, rent in advance or non-returnable fees” is a powerful indicator of their commitment to accessible housing and avoiding practices that burden vulnerable populations.

Giroscope.org.uk Cons

While the positives heavily outweigh the negatives, there are a few minor points that, if addressed, could further enhance transparency and public engagement. Netfind.com Review

• Limited Financial Detail on Website: While they list annual numbers for properties and tenants, the website does not immediately link to or provide easily accessible detailed financial reports e.g., annual accounts, impact reports beyond raw numbers. For a charity, transparent financial reporting is crucial for donors and stakeholders. While the Charity Commission requires these to be filed, a direct link on their own site would be beneficial.
• News Section Infrequency: The news section appears to have somewhat infrequent updates. The latest news items like “Giroscope is Hiring!” or “Community Self Build Project” are valuable, but a more consistent stream of updates could keep stakeholders and potential volunteers more engaged and informed about ongoing activities. For example, the news about the self-build project filming mentions “recently joined,” but the specific date of the post isn’t immediately clear, which can make it feel less current.
• Slightly Dated Website Design: While functional and clear, the website’s design is somewhat traditional and could benefit from a modern refresh to enhance visual appeal and potentially mobile responsiveness. This is a minor aesthetic point, but it can influence first impressions.
• No Direct “Donate” or “Support” Call to Action: While being a charity implies they accept donations, a prominent, clear call to action for direct online donations or ways to financially support their mission isn’t immediately visible on the homepage. This could be a missed opportunity for fundraising.

Giroscope.org.uk Alternatives

When discussing “alternatives” to Giroscope, it’s important to clarify that Giroscope is a direct service provider rather than a commercial product.

Therefore, “alternatives” in this context refer to other reputable organizations or models that similarly aim to provide ethical, affordable housing or engage in community development, particularly those that align with strong ethical principles.

These are not direct competitors but rather complementary efforts or different avenues for similar impact.

Organizations Focusing on Affordable Housing and Community Revitalization

Many non-profits and social enterprises across the globe work towards similar goals, albeit with different methodologies.

• Thrive Homes UK Faircent.com Review

  • Key Features: A housing association based in the UK, providing affordable homes and services. While they operate on a different scale and structure than a charity like Giroscope, their focus is on providing quality, affordable rental and shared ownership options. They manage thousands of homes.
  • Distinction from Giroscope: They are a larger housing association, often involved in new builds and large-scale property management, whereas Giroscope focuses on renovating empty properties in a specific geographic area with a more community-led, volunteer-driven approach.

• Community Solutions US

  • Key Features: A US-based non-profit that works to end homelessness and strengthen communities. They use data-driven approaches to help communities implement effective strategies to house vulnerable populations. Their “Built for Zero” initiative has helped numerous cities reduce homelessness significantly.
  • Distinction from Giroscope: While both aim to house people, Community Solutions focuses more on systemic, data-driven approaches to ending homelessness across multiple communities, whereas Giroscope is focused on hands-on renovation and provision within a localized context.

Models and Frameworks for Ethical Housing

Beyond specific organizations, certain models offer ethical ways to approach housing and property development, aligning with principles that discourage speculation and promote community benefit.

• Community Land Trusts CLTs

  • Mechanism: CLTs are non-profit organizations that acquire and hold land permanently for the benefit of a community. They typically lease the land to homeowners or other developers at affordable rates, keeping housing costs low by removing the cost of land from the equation.
  • Ethical Alignment: This model inherently combats speculation and ensures long-term affordability, aligning with principles of social equity and preventing housing from becoming solely a commodity. For instance, the Burlington Community Land Trust in Vermont, established in 1984, was one of the earliest and most successful, demonstrating the model’s viability.
  • Relevance to Giroscope: While Giroscope doesn’t explicitly state it operates as a CLT, its mission of providing long-term affordable housing without typical upfront costs shares the spirit of CLTs in making housing accessible and sustainable for the community.

• Islamic Finance Principles in Housing

  • Mechanism: Islamic finance offers alternative models for homeownership that avoid interest riba, such as Murabaha cost-plus financing, Musharaka partnership, and Ijarah leasing with eventual ownership. These models emphasize ethical transactions, risk-sharing, and asset-backed financing.
  • Ethical Alignment: These principles are intrinsically aligned with fairness, social responsibility, and avoiding exploitative practices, making them highly ethical alternatives to conventional interest-based mortgages. For example, companies like Guidance Residential offer Sharia-compliant home financing in the US.
  • Relevance to Giroscope: Giroscope’s “no deposits, rent in advance, or non-returnable fees” policy aligns with the spirit of Islamic finance by removing financial burdens and promoting equitable access, even if not explicitly structured under Islamic financial contracts. Their rental model, by being free of such charges, inherently offers a more just system for tenants.

How to Support Giroscope.org.uk’s Mission

Given Giroscope’s status as a registered charity with a commendable mission, understanding how to support their work is vital for anyone interested in ethical community development. Spoed112.com Review

While the website provides general information, the pathways for direct support can be inferred.

Volunteering Opportunities

As highlighted on their homepage, volunteering is a core component of Giroscope’s operational model.

This is perhaps the most direct and impactful way to contribute if you are local to West Hull.

• Direct Involvement: The website mentions “encouraging prospective tenants to be involved in the renovation of their homes and house many of our volunteers.” This indicates a hands-on approach to support.
• Skill-Based Contributions: They recently advertised for a “Construction Project Supervisor,” suggesting a need for both skilled and unskilled labor. If you have experience in construction, project management, or even general maintenance, your skills could be invaluable.
• Community Building: Beyond physical labor, volunteering helps build stronger community bonds and provides a sense of collective achievement. Data from the National Council for Voluntary Organisations NCVO indicates that formal volunteering in the UK was undertaken by 16.3 million people in 2022.

Financial Contributions

While the website doesn’t feature a prominent “Donate Now” button on its homepage, as a registered charity, financial contributions are undoubtedly crucial for their sustainability and expansion.

• Direct Contact: The presence of their phone number “01482 576 374” suggests that direct inquiries about donations are welcome.
• Charity Commission Records: As a registered charity number 1117457, their financial statements and details on how to donate can often be found through the Charity Commission’s online register. This provides an official avenue for verification and giving.
• Impact of Donations: Financial support directly enables them to purchase more empty properties, fund renovations, and sustain their various community projects gardening, computers, bicycles, etc.. Even small contributions can add up to significant impact for a community-focused charity.

Spreading Awareness

Advocating for Giroscope’s model and mission can indirectly provide significant support by raising their profile and attracting more volunteers, potential tenants, and donors. Ezrobux.gg Review

• Share Their Story: Discussing their unique model – especially the “no deposits, rent in advance” policy and tenant involvement – can inspire others and highlight a successful, ethical approach to housing.
• Social Media Engagement: While not explicitly mentioned on their homepage, checking for their presence on social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn and sharing their updates can amplify their reach.
• Local Community Networks: If you are part of community groups, housing advocacy networks, or local news outlets, sharing Giroscope’s work can bring them much-needed attention and resources. Their “News” section on the site, though updated periodically, provides good content for sharing.

Giroscope.org.uk Pricing

Giroscope.org.uk, being a charitable organization focused on affordable housing, does not operate on a “pricing” model in the conventional commercial sense. Instead, its financial structure revolves around funding its operations through various means to achieve its mission of providing homes at truly affordable rates. The key takeaway from their website is their commitment to removing traditional financial barriers for tenants.

Tenant Costs and Fees

The most critical piece of information regarding “pricing” for tenants is explicitly stated on their homepage:

• No Deposits: “We do not charge deposits.” This is a significant relief for individuals and families, as deposits can often equate to several weeks’ or even months’ rent, creating a substantial upfront barrier. The average rental deposit in the UK for new tenancies was £1,059 in 2023, according to the Deposit Protection Service. By waiving this, Giroscope makes housing much more accessible.
• No Rent in Advance: “rent in advance” is also waived. This typically means tenants do not need to pay the first month’s rent upfront in addition to a deposit.
• No Non-Returnable Fees: “or non-returnable fees.” This eliminates administrative charges, referencing fees, or other hidden costs that are common in the private rental market. In 2019, the Tenant Fees Act in the UK largely banned many upfront fees, but some landlords or agents still find ways around it or charge allowable fees. Giroscope’s explicit statement ensures transparency and fairness.
• Affordable Rents: Properties are “let at affordable rents.” While the exact figures are not published on the general information page likely negotiated based on individual circumstances and property specifics, the emphasis is on affordability, which is central to their charitable purpose.

Funding Model for Giroscope’s Operations

Since they don’t generate significant revenue from tenant fees or market-rate rents, Giroscope’s operations are sustained through other channels typical of charitable organizations.

• Grants and Funding: Charities primarily rely on grants from government bodies, trusts, foundations, and other philanthropic organizations. Given their work in community development and housing, they would be eligible for various social impact funds.
• Donations: Individual and corporate donations are a vital source of income for charities. While not explicitly prompted on the homepage, direct financial contributions from supporters enable them to continue purchasing and renovating properties.
• Social Enterprise Income: The mention of “social enterprise” suggests they might generate some income through business activities that support their mission. This could include income from properties not strictly used for direct affordable housing, or services provided through their various community projects e.g., bike repairs from “The Bike Project”.
• Volunteering: While not a direct financial input, the significant volunteer engagement reduces labor costs, allowing them to stretch their financial resources further and increase their output renovating more homes. The value of volunteer hours can be substantial. for example, the independent sector research indicates the economic value of formal volunteering to the UK economy is billions annually.

In essence, Giroscope’s “pricing” model is designed to minimize the cost burden on its beneficiaries, making truly affordable and accessible housing a reality, funded through a charitable framework.

FAQ

What is Giroscope.org.uk?

Giroscope.org.uk is the official website for Giroscope, a registered charity Charity No. Hostaccent.com Review

1117457. based in West Hull, UK, dedicated to turning empty properties into affordable homes for those in housing need.

What is Giroscope’s main mission?

Giroscope’s main mission is to acquire and renovate empty properties in West Hull to provide affordable, high-quality, and energy-efficient homes for people in housing need, while fostering community stability.

Is Giroscope a legitimate organization?

Yes, Giroscope is a legitimate organization, explicitly stating its status as a “Registered Charity 1117457,” which means it is regulated by the Charity Commission for England and Wales.

How does Giroscope provide affordable housing?

Giroscope provides affordable housing by renovating empty properties and letting them at affordable rents.

Crucially, they do not charge deposits, rent in advance, or non-returnable fees, making their properties highly accessible.

Does Giroscope charge tenants a deposit?

No, Giroscope explicitly states on its homepage, “We do not charge deposits, rent in advance or non-returnable fees.” Zjbaina.com Review

What kind of properties does Giroscope renovate?

Giroscope buys and renovates empty properties, transforming them into finished, energy-efficient homes.

How many properties has Giroscope worked on?

According to their website, as of 2023, Giroscope has worked on “120+ Properties.”

How many tenants has Giroscope helped?

The website indicates that Giroscope has helped “350+ Tenants” as of 2023.

Does Giroscope involve tenants in the renovation process?

Yes, Giroscope encourages prospective tenants to be involved in the renovation of their future homes, helping to give them a feeling of ownership.

Does Giroscope use volunteers?

Yes, Giroscope relies on volunteers and even houses many of them, demonstrating a strong volunteer-driven model for their renovation projects. They reported “50+ Volunteers” in 2023. Httpdocs.org Review

What other projects does Giroscope undertake besides housing?

Beyond housing, Giroscope engages in various community projects, including gardening, providing computer access, running a bicycle project, and operating a social enterprise. They also acquired the former St. Matthew’s church for community use.

How can I get involved with Giroscope?

You can get involved with Giroscope primarily through volunteering.

They also have a news section where they post job vacancies, such as for a Construction Project Supervisor.

Does Giroscope have job openings?

Yes, Giroscope periodically has job openings, as indicated by their “Giroscope is Hiring!” news post, with full details available on their vacancies page.

Where is Giroscope located?

Giroscope operates in West Hull, UK, focusing its efforts on properties and communities within that area. Hondenmanieren.org Review

How can I contact Giroscope?

You can contact Giroscope by phone at 01482 576 374, as listed on their homepage.

Does Giroscope offer long-term housing solutions?

Yes, Giroscope provides “security of tenure,” which helps to bring stability to their community, implying long-term housing solutions rather than temporary shelter.

How can I support Giroscope financially?

While not explicitly stated on the homepage with a “donate” button, as a registered charity, financial contributions would be accepted.

You can likely inquire directly via their phone number or check their Charity Commission registration for donation details.

Does Giroscope address energy efficiency in its properties?

Yes, the website states that their properties are “energy efficient,” which benefits tenants by reducing utility costs and supports environmental sustainability. Youstudioreviewjv.blogspot.com Review

What is the “Giroscope Bike Project”?

The Giroscope Bike Project is one of their community initiatives focused on returning “unwanted or unused bikes back to” use, likely for community members who need affordable transportation.

Is there a “Giroscope Computer Project”?

Yes, Giroscope has a “computers” project, based on their belief that “freedom of access to IT” is important, suggesting initiatives to provide computer access or digital literacy support.