To understand Corel VideoStudio X10, it’s essential to recognize it as a robust video editing software designed for various skill levels, from beginners to more advanced users. This version, released as part of the VideoStudio Pro and Ultimate series, offered significant enhancements over its predecessors, focusing on improved performance, creative tools, and ease of use. If you’re looking to dive into video editing, considering current versions of VideoStudio, like the latest VideoStudio Pro, could be a smart move, especially with exclusive offers available. You can explore a 👉 VideoStudio Pro 15% OFF Coupon Limited Time FREE TRIAL Included to get started. While Corel VideoStudio X10 is an older iteration, understanding its features provides context for the evolution of video editing software. Key aspects included multi-camera editing, enhanced motion tracking, and a more intuitive interface. Many users previously searched for “Corel VideoStudio X10 free download,” “Corel VideoStudio X10 key,” or “Corel VideoStudio X10 full indir” to access the software. However, it’s crucial to obtain software legally and ethically, as unauthorized downloads often come with risks like malware and legal issues. The “Corel VideoStudio X10 system requirements” were relatively moderate for its time, but modern versions naturally demand more from your hardware to handle higher resolutions and complex effects. Whether you’re interested in “Corel VideoStudio Pro X10 download” or “Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10 serial number,” remember that licensed versions provide technical support and security updates, which are invaluable. For those looking to work with video, focusing on beneficial and constructive content is key, rather than engaging in entertainment that can distract from more meaningful pursuits.
Understanding Corel VideoStudio X10: A Deep Dive into Its Features and Evolution
Corel VideoStudio X10, while an older iteration, laid significant groundwork for the video editing software we see today.
Released as part of the Corel VideoStudio Pro X10 and Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10 series, it brought several innovations to the table, making professional-grade video editing more accessible.
Many users sought “Corel VideoStudio X10 full” versions, indicative of its popularity.
Understanding its capabilities helps us appreciate the advancements in modern video editing tools.
It was designed to balance ease of use with powerful features, catering to both casual users and aspiring videographers.
What Was New in Corel VideoStudio X10?
Corel VideoStudio X10 introduced several key features and enhancements that set it apart from previous versions.
These improvements were largely focused on efficiency, creativity, and user experience.
- Multi-Camera Editor: This was a significant addition, allowing users to combine footage from multiple cameras and seamlessly switch angles, an essential tool for events, interviews, and performances. This feature was often highlighted in “Corel VideoStudio Pro X10 download” reviews.
- Track Transparency: Users gained more control over overlays and effects with adjustable transparency, enabling sophisticated visual layering.
- Time Remapping: This feature allowed for variable speed changes within clips, creating dramatic slow-motion or fast-motion effects.
- Improved Motion Tracking: The precision of motion tracking was enhanced, making it easier to add text, graphics, or blur faces to moving objects.
- Format Support: X10 expanded its support for various file formats, including HEVC H.265, which was becoming increasingly important for 4K video.
Corel VideoStudio X10 System Requirements and Performance
To run Corel VideoStudio X10 smoothly, users needed to meet certain “Corel VideoStudio X10 system requirements.” While modest by today’s standards, these specifications were typical for the time, ensuring a reasonable editing experience for the average user.
- Operating System: Windows 7, 8, 8.1, or 10 64-bit recommended for optimal performance.
- Processor: Intel Core i3 or AMD A4 series or higher. For 4K, multi-camera, or 360-degree video, an Intel Core i7 or AMD Athlon A10 or higher was recommended.
- RAM: 4 GB RAM 8 GB or more for 4K, multi-camera, or 360-degree video.
- Graphics Card: Minimum resolution 1024 x 768. Dedicated VRAM for hardware acceleration was beneficial.
- Hard Disk Space: 8 GB minimum for full installation. SSD was recommended for faster performance.
Performance was a key focus, with Corel stating up to 400% faster rendering for specific formats compared to previous versions due to optimization and hardware acceleration. While users often searched for “Corel VideoStudio X10 free download,” ensuring your system met the “Corel VideoStudio X10 system requirements” was crucial for a stable editing experience.
Navigating Corel VideoStudio X10: User Interface and Workflow
Corel VideoStudio X10 maintained its signature intuitive interface, making it accessible for new users while offering depth for experienced editors. Coreldraw graphics suite x5 download
The workflow was structured logically, guiding users through the editing process from import to export.
This user-friendly design was a significant factor in its appeal, especially for those who might have previously searched for “Corel VideoStudio Pro X10 full” versions.
The Project-Based Workflow
The core of Corel VideoStudio X10’s workflow revolved around a project-based structure, which is common in professional video editing software.
This approach ensures all elements of a video are organized and easily managed.
- Capture/Import: The first step involved bringing media into the software, either from a camera, external device, or existing files on a computer. VideoStudio X10 supported a wide range of formats for import, addressing the common need for seamless integration of various media types.
- Edit: This is where the bulk of the creative work happened. Users could drag and drop clips onto the timeline, trim, split, and arrange them. The multi-track timeline allowed for complex layering of video, audio, and graphics. Tools like the “Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10” effects library were extensively used here.
- Share/Export: Once editing was complete, the final video could be exported in various formats suitable for different platforms, including web, mobile, or DVD/Blu-ray. This step also allowed for direct sharing to social media platforms, a growing trend at the time.
Key Interface Elements
Corel VideoStudio X10’s interface was divided into distinct areas, each serving a specific purpose, contributing to a streamlined editing process.
- Library Panel: This panel housed all imported media video clips, audio, images, transitions, titles, and effects. It provided an organized way to access assets quickly.
- Preview Window: This allowed users to view their project in real-time as they made edits, ensuring accuracy and immediate feedback on changes.
- Timeline Panel: The heart of the editing process, where clips were arranged sequentially, layered on multiple tracks, and synchronized. Audio tracks, video tracks, and overlay tracks were clearly separated.
- Options Panel: Context-sensitive, this panel changed based on the selected item e.g., clip, effect, title, allowing for detailed adjustments and customizations.
The thoughtful layout of Corel VideoStudio X10 made it a powerful tool for content creation, encouraging users to focus on the message and quality of their videos rather than getting bogged down by complicated software mechanics.
Creative Tools and Effects in Corel VideoStudio X10
Corel VideoStudio X10 offered a rich suite of creative tools and effects, enabling users to transform raw footage into polished, engaging videos.
This was a key differentiator for users considering “Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10” over the Pro version, as the Ultimate package included additional premium effects and plugins.
The focus was on providing both aesthetic enhancements and practical solutions for common video editing challenges.
Enhancing Visuals with Effects and Filters
The effects and filters in VideoStudio X10 allowed users to manipulate the look and feel of their footage, from basic color corrections to cinematic stylistic choices. Ai photography editing
- Color Correction and Grading: Tools for adjusting brightness, contrast, saturation, and white balance helped achieve a consistent and professional look. While not as advanced as dedicated color grading software, it was sufficient for most consumer and prosumer needs.
- Video Filters: A wide array of artistic filters could be applied to give footage a unique appearance, such as old film effects, mosaic, or diffuse glow. These were often explored by those looking for “Corel VideoStudio X10 full indir” versions.
- Picture-in-Picture PiP Effects: The PiP Creator allowed for easy creation of overlays, enabling multiple video streams to play simultaneously within the same frame.
- Split Screen Templates: Pre-designed templates simplified the process of creating dynamic split-screen layouts, showcasing multiple perspectives or parallel narratives.
Advanced Editing Features for Dynamic Storytelling
Beyond basic effects, Corel VideoStudio X10 incorporated features that facilitated more dynamic and complex video narratives.
- Multi-Camera Editing: As mentioned, this was a standout feature. It allowed editors to synchronize and switch between footage from up to 6 cameras, providing a seamless live-production feel. This was particularly useful for events, interviews, and podcastal performances.
- Stop Motion Animation: A dedicated module made it easy to create stop motion videos, by capturing individual frames from a camera connected to the computer. This feature appealed to creative users looking for unique storytelling methods.
- Green Screen/Chroma Key: This fundamental effect allowed users to remove a solid color background like green or blue and replace it with any other image or video, opening up possibilities for virtual sets and composite footage.
- Motion Tracking: Enhanced in X10, this feature allowed users to track specific objects in their video and attach text, graphics, or apply mosaic blurs to them, essential for censorship or highlighting elements.
The availability of these tools meant that users could achieve professional-looking results without needing to invest in more complex or expensive software, making “Corel VideoStudio Pro X10” a very attractive option for its target audience.
Audio Editing and Enhancement in Corel VideoStudio X10
A video’s audio quality is just as crucial as its visual appeal, and Corel VideoStudio X10 provided a robust set of tools for audio editing and enhancement.
These features allowed users to clean up sound, add background podcast, and ensure clear dialogue, contributing significantly to the overall professional polish of the final product.
Even for those who might have sought “Corel VideoStudio X10 free download,” the integrated audio tools offered substantial value.
Fundamental Audio Controls
VideoStudio X10 gave users comprehensive control over their audio tracks, from basic adjustments to more nuanced mixing.
- Volume Control: Users could easily adjust the volume of individual clips, entire tracks, or specific sections using keyframes for precise control over volume changes over time. This is fundamental for dynamic audio mixing.
- Audio Ducking: This smart feature automatically lowered the volume of background podcast when dialogue or narration was present, ensuring that speech was always clear and prominent. This automation saved considerable time in the editing process.
- Audio Filters and Effects: A range of filters were available to improve audio quality, such as noise reduction to minimize background hums or static, and normalization to bring all audio clips to a consistent volume level. Other effects like reverb or echo could also be applied for creative purposes.
- Audio Mixing: The multi-track timeline allowed for easy mixing of multiple audio sources—dialogue, podcast, sound effects—each on its own track, providing flexibility in creating a rich soundscape.
Working with Soundtracks and Voiceovers
Beyond corrective tools, X10 provided features to build a compelling audio narrative through podcast and narration.
- Adding Background Podcast: Users could import their own podcast or utilize royalty-free tracks. The ability to trim, loop, and fade podcast in and out ensured a smooth integration with the video. However, it’s important to choose podcast that is permissible and aligns with ethical values, focusing on beneficial content rather than idle entertainment.
- Voiceover Recording: A direct voiceover recording feature allowed users to record narration directly within the software, eliminating the need for external recording tools for basic voiceovers. This was incredibly convenient for tutorials, documentaries, or personal vlogs.
- Audio Separation: Users could easily separate audio from video clips, allowing for independent editing of the sound, such as removing original audio and replacing it with a new soundtrack or narration.
The comprehensive audio toolkit in Corel VideoStudio X10 underscored the software’s commitment to delivering a complete video editing solution, ensuring that the auditory experience matched the visual quality.
This focus on details was crucial for anyone looking for a “Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10” experience.
Titling, Graphics, and Export Options in Corel VideoStudio X10
Corel VideoStudio X10 didn’t just stop at editing footage and audio. Gallery photo background change
It also offered robust tools for creating professional-looking titles and graphics, and a flexible array of export options to cater to various distribution needs.
These features are essential for adding polish, clarity, and branding to any video project, making the “Corel VideoStudio X10 full” package a comprehensive solution.
Creating Impactful Titles and Graphics
Effective titling and graphic overlays are crucial for conveying information, introducing segments, or adding a professional touch. VideoStudio X10 provided intuitive tools for this.
- Title Editor: A dedicated title editor allowed users to create animated titles, lower thirds, credits, and graphics with a wide range of fonts, colors, styles, and animations. Pre-set templates were also available for quick application, which many users of “Corel VideoStudio Pro X10 download” appreciated.
- Subtitle Support: For accessibility or multi-language content, the software supported adding subtitles, either manually or by importing external subtitle files.
- Overlay Tracks: Multiple overlay tracks enabled layering of text, images, and other graphics over video footage, allowing for complex composite scenes or informational displays.
- Customization: Beyond templates, users had granular control over keyframe animation for text and graphics, allowing for precise control over their movement, size, and transparency over time.
Flexible Export and Sharing Capabilities
Once a video project was complete, Corel VideoStudio X10 offered a variety of export options to ensure the final product could be shared on desired platforms and devices.
- Standard and High-Definition Formats: The software supported export to common formats like MP4, AVI, WMV, and MOV, including resolutions up to 4K Ultra HD. This was critical for users seeking to produce high-quality content.
- Device-Specific Presets: For easy sharing on mobile devices, tablets, and gaming consoles, X10 included presets optimized for popular devices, eliminating the need for manual configuration.
- Web and Social Media Sharing: Direct upload capabilities to platforms like YouTube, Vimeo, and Facebook were integrated, simplifying the process of sharing content online. This was a highly sought-after feature for those producing content for public consumption.
- Disc Authoring: For traditional media, VideoStudio X10 retained its powerful DVD and Blu-ray authoring capabilities, allowing users to create menus, chapters, and burn projects directly to disc. This was a valuable feature for distributing content in a physical format.
- HEVC H.265 Support: The inclusion of HEVC export support allowed for more efficient compression of high-resolution video, resulting in smaller file sizes without significant loss of quality, which was particularly beneficial for 4K content.
The comprehensive export options in Corel VideoStudio X10 meant that creators could tailor their output precisely to their audience and distribution channels, maximizing the reach and impact of their video projects.
Corel VideoStudio X10 vs. Modern VideoStudio Versions
While Corel VideoStudio X10 was a significant release in its time, technology evolves rapidly, and modern versions of VideoStudio like the current VideoStudio Pro or Ultimate offer substantial advancements.
Understanding these differences can help users decide whether to look for an older version or invest in the latest technology for their video editing needs.
Many users initially seeking “Corel VideoStudio X10 key” or “Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10 serial number” might find greater value in newer iterations.
Key Enhancements in Newer VideoStudio Versions
- Enhanced Performance: Modern versions boast significant performance improvements, especially with multi-core processors and GPU acceleration. This translates to faster rendering, smoother playback of high-resolution footage e.g., 8K, 4K HDR, and quicker application responsiveness. Data suggests that recent versions can be up to 10x faster in certain rendering tasks compared to X10 on equivalent hardware.
- AI-Powered Tools: Newer versions incorporate Artificial Intelligence for tasks like facial recognition, automatic highlight reels, and smart object selection, drastically speeding up complex edits. For example, AI-powered highlight reel creation can cut down a 30-minute clip to a 2-minute summary in just a few clicks.
- Advanced Color Grading: While X10 had basic color correction, newer versions offer more sophisticated color grading tools, including LUTs Look-Up Tables, color wheels, and waveform monitors for precise color adjustments, crucial for cinematic looks.
- Expanded Format Support: Support for newer codecs, HDR High Dynamic Range video, and 360-degree VR video editing has become standard. X10’s HEVC support was groundbreaking, but newer versions expand on this with more robust handling of complex formats.
- Refined User Interface: While X10 was user-friendly, modern UIs are even more streamlined, often with customizable workspaces and better integration of tools.
- New Creative Content: Libraries of transitions, titles, effects, and royalty-free podcast and sound effects are continuously updated and expanded in newer versions, providing fresh creative resources. For example, recent versions include hundreds of new transitions and effects not found in X10.
Why Upgrade from Corel VideoStudio X10?
For anyone currently using or considering “Corel VideoStudio X10 full,” an upgrade to a newer version of VideoStudio offers several compelling advantages:
- Compatibility with Modern Hardware: Newer versions are optimized for the latest processors, GPUs, and operating systems, ensuring stable and efficient performance.
- Future-Proofing Your Workflow: As video technology advances, older software struggles with new formats e.g., specific camera codecs, higher frame rates, HDR. Upgrading ensures compatibility with current and future media.
- Access to New Features: From AI tools to advanced masking, new features can significantly enhance productivity and creative possibilities.
- Security and Support: Licensed, up-to-date software receives regular security patches and technical support, which is often unavailable for older or unauthorized versions like those sought with “Corel VideoStudio X10 free download” or “Corel VideoStudio X10 key”.
- Community and Learning Resources: Most online tutorials and community support for VideoStudio focus on current versions, making it easier to find help and learn new techniques.
Ultimately, while Corel VideoStudio X10 was a capable editor, investing in a modern version of VideoStudio provides a significantly more powerful, efficient, and future-ready video editing experience for creating beneficial and impactful content. Cr2 to jpg free
Ethical Considerations: Avoiding Unauthorized Corel VideoStudio X10 Downloads
When discussing software like Corel VideoStudio X10, it’s impossible to ignore the widespread searches for “Corel VideoStudio X10 free download,” “Corel VideoStudio X10 key,” “Corel VideoStudio X10 full indir,” or “Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10 serial number.” While the desire to access powerful tools without cost is understandable, engaging in unauthorized software downloads carries significant ethical, legal, and practical risks.
As a Muslim, one is guided by principles of honesty, integrity, and respecting the rights of others, including intellectual property rights.
The Risks of Unauthorized Downloads
Acquiring software through illegitimate means can lead to a host of negative consequences, far outweighing any perceived short-term savings.
- Malware and Viruses: Unofficial download sites are frequently riddled with malicious software, including viruses, ransomware, spyware, and adware. A single download could compromise your entire system, leading to data loss, identity theft, or system instability. A 2023 report indicated that over 30% of pirated software downloads contain some form of malware.
- Lack of Security Updates: Unauthorized software does not receive crucial security patches or performance updates from the developer. This leaves your system vulnerable to newly discovered exploits and means you miss out on critical bug fixes and performance improvements.
- Legal Consequences: Software piracy is illegal. While individual users might not always face immediate prosecution, large-scale distribution or frequent downloading can lead to significant fines or legal action from software companies. Corel, like other major software developers, actively monitors and pursues instances of intellectual property infringement.
- No Technical Support: Without a legitimate license, you have no access to official customer support from Corel. If you encounter bugs, glitches, or need assistance, you’re on your own.
- Unreliable Performance: Cracked or tampered software often exhibits unstable behavior, crashes frequently, and may not perform as intended. This can lead to lost work and immense frustration.
- Ethical Implications: From an Islamic perspective, taking something without rightful permission or compensation is considered unjust. Intellectual property is a form of labor and creativity, and its unauthorized use deprives creators of their due reward. This aligns with the principle of “giving every right-holder their due right.”
Promoting Responsible Software Acquisition and Usage
Instead of seeking “Corel VideoStudio X10 free download” or “Corel VideoStudio X10 key,” consider the following ethical and practical alternatives:
- Free Trials: Legitimate software companies, including Corel, often offer free trials of their full software. This allows you to test the features and ensure compatibility with your needs before making a purchase. The current VideoStudio Pro offers a 👉 FREE TRIAL Included, which is an excellent way to evaluate it responsibly.
- Educational Discounts: If you are a student or educator, check for special discounts offered by software companies. These can significantly reduce the cost.
- Budget-Friendly Alternatives: If professional software is beyond your budget, explore free and open-source video editors like DaVinci Resolve free version, Kdenlive, Shotcut, or OpenShot. These tools offer robust features and are continuously developed by dedicated communities.
- Older Licensed Versions: Sometimes, older licensed versions of software might be available at a reduced price directly from the vendor or authorized resellers. While “Corel VideoStudio X10” might be harder to find a legitimate key for now, newer legitimate older versions might be available.
- Focus on Beneficial Content: Instead of merely consuming or creating entertainment that might distract from more meaningful pursuits, use video editing tools to produce content that educates, informs, or inspires positive change. This includes educational videos, documentaries about nature or history, beneficial tutorials, or content that promotes good character and moral values. This aligns with the Islamic emphasis on seeking beneficial knowledge and engaging in constructive activities.
Choosing to acquire and use software legitimately not only protects you from technical and legal risks but also upholds ethical principles, fostering an environment of respect for creativity and intellectual effort.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Corel VideoStudio X10?
Corel VideoStudio X10 is a video editing software released by Corel, designed for users to create, edit, and share videos.
It was available in both Pro and Ultimate versions, offering features like multi-camera editing, enhanced motion tracking, and support for various video formats.
What are the key features of Corel VideoStudio X10?
Key features of Corel VideoStudio X10 included a multi-camera editor for syncing and switching angles, track transparency, time remapping for variable speed effects, improved motion tracking, and expanded format support including HEVC H.265.
What were the Corel VideoStudio X10 system requirements?
Corel VideoStudio X10 system requirements included Windows 7/8/8.1/10 64-bit recommended, an Intel Core i3 or AMD A4 processor or higher i7 or A10 for 4K/multi-cam, 4 GB RAM 8 GB for 4K/multi-cam, 8 GB hard disk space, and a minimum screen resolution of 1024×768.
Can I still download Corel VideoStudio X10 free?
No, officially, Corel VideoStudio X10 is an older version and is not offered as a free download by Corel. Corel file format
Any sites offering “Corel VideoStudio X10 free download” are likely unofficial and may contain malware or be illegal.
It is always recommended to obtain software legitimately.
Where can I find a Corel VideoStudio X10 key or serial number?
Legitimate “Corel VideoStudio X10 key” or “Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10 serial number” would have been provided upon purchase of the software.
As it’s an older version, finding new legitimate keys is unlikely.
It’s best to purchase a license for a current version of VideoStudio.
Is Corel VideoStudio X10 still supported by Corel?
No, Corel typically provides active support for its most recent versions.
Corel VideoStudio X10 is an older version and does not receive ongoing updates, security patches, or technical support from Corel.
What is the difference between Corel VideoStudio Pro X10 and Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10?
Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10 included all the features of the Pro version but added a collection of premium effects, filters, and plugins from third-party developers, offering more creative options and advanced tools.
Can Corel VideoStudio X10 handle 4K video editing?
Yes, Corel VideoStudio X10 introduced support for 4K video editing, including HEVC H.265 encoding.
However, for smooth 4K editing, it required a more powerful processor Intel Core i7 or AMD Athlon A10 and more RAM 8 GB or more. Create moving photos
What are good alternatives to Corel VideoStudio X10 today?
Excellent alternatives to Corel VideoStudio X10 include the latest versions of Corel VideoStudio Pro or Ultimate, DaVinci Resolve free and paid versions, Kdenlive free open-source, Shotcut free open-source, and Adobe Premiere Elements.
How does Corel VideoStudio X10 compare to current VideoStudio versions?
Modern VideoStudio versions offer significantly improved performance faster rendering, smoother playback, AI-powered tools, advanced color grading, expanded format support including HDR and 360 VR, and continuously updated creative content not available in X10.
Is it safe to use a “Corel VideoStudio X10 full indir” from unofficial sites?
No, it is highly unsafe to use “Corel VideoStudio X10 full indir” from unofficial sites.
These downloads frequently contain malware, viruses, or spyware, and using them carries significant security risks for your computer and personal data.
Can I upgrade Corel VideoStudio X10 to a newer version?
Yes, Corel often offers upgrade paths for existing users to move to the latest version of VideoStudio at a reduced price.
Check the official Corel website for current upgrade options.
What kind of projects is Corel VideoStudio X10 suitable for?
Corel VideoStudio X10 was suitable for a range of projects including home movies, YouTube videos, travel vlogs, event highlights weddings, birthdays, and small business promotional videos, balancing ease of use with powerful features.
Does Corel VideoStudio X10 support multi-track audio editing?
Yes, Corel VideoStudio X10 supported multi-track audio editing, allowing users to layer multiple audio sources such as dialogue, background podcast, and sound effects, and control their volume and effects independently.
Can I create custom titles in Corel VideoStudio X10?
Yes, Corel VideoStudio X10 featured a dedicated title editor that allowed users to create custom animated titles, lower thirds, and credits with various fonts, colors, styles, and animation effects.
Was Corel VideoStudio X10 compatible with Windows 10?
Yes, Corel VideoStudio X10 officially supported Windows 10, as well as Windows 7, 8, and 8.1. However, 64-bit operating systems were recommended for optimal performance. Coreldraw licence
Did Corel VideoStudio X10 have motion tracking features?
Yes, Corel VideoStudio X10 included enhanced motion tracking features, allowing users to track moving objects in their video footage and attach text, graphics, or apply mosaic blur effects to them.
What are the benefits of using a legitimate version of Corel VideoStudio?
Using a legitimate version ensures you receive security updates, performance enhancements, technical support, access to all features, and avoid legal risks associated with unauthorized software. It also supports the creators.
How much hard drive space did Corel VideoStudio X10 require for installation?
Corel VideoStudio X10 required a minimum of 8 GB of hard disk space for a full installation.
An SSD Solid State Drive was recommended for better overall performance during editing.
What is the best way to get started with video editing if I’m a beginner?
For beginners, starting with a legitimate free trial of a user-friendly software like the current Corel VideoStudio Pro is a great way to learn.
Focus on understanding basic concepts like importing, trimming, transitions, and audio mixing.
Many online tutorials are available for current versions.
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